Islamic pottery reached its highest development between the years 800 and through out 1600's. Muslim artists developed many techniques that are still used today. For example, they engraved on pots into something called slip, an earthy coating under the glaze. The engravings usually showed religious symbols in calligraphy, and sometimes even put their famed gold stamps (which are made with a special paint, not ink, when used on pottery) right on to the surface of the slip. After the engraving or stamp was finished they would then add many layers of transparent glazes over it. This technique was imitated by Byzantine and Italian ceramics.
Another spectacular method Islamic potters use in ceramics is painting with a metallic pigment, usually on a white or blue glaze. That technique is called luster painting. This extremely difficult practice is mostly performed by Islamic potters in the Middle East and Spain. Notice the calligraphy around the rin of the plate and in the center of the other piece.
Islamic ceramists also make bright tiles with geometric or arabesque designs for wall surfaces and fountains. In the Middle East, where a large percent of Muslims live, you can find city fountains and walls completely covered with brightly colored tiles and inscribed with calligraphy and pictures. The most impressive of ceramic tiles can usually be found in mosques. It is a tradition in mosques to have a picture done entirely in ceramic tile of Mecca, with the Kabba as the central point of the picture.
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